What Is the Definition of Emphasis in Art

Emphasis is a principle of art which occurs any time an element of a piece is given dominance by the artist. In other words, the artist makes part of the work stand out in order to draw the viewers eye there first. Why Is Emphasis Important? Emphasis is used in art to attract the viewers attention to a particular area or object. This is typically the focal point or main subject of the artwork. For instance, in a portrait painting, the artist usually wants you to see the persons face first. They will use techniques such as color, contrast, and placement to make sure that this area is where your  eye is attracted to first. Any piece of art may have more than one area of emphasis. However, one typically dominates over all others. If two or more are given equal importance, your eye does not know how to interpret it. This confusion may lead you to not enjoy an otherwise good piece of work. Subordination is used to describe the secondary or accent elements of the artwork. While artists emphasize the focal point, they can also de-emphasize the other elements to ensure the main subject stands out. An artist may, for instance, use red on the subject while leaving the rest of the painting in very muted browns. The viewers eye is automatically drawn to this pop of color. One might argue that all worthy works of art employ emphasis. If a piece lacks this principle, it may seem  monotonous and boring to the eye. However, some artists play with the lack of emphasis on purpose and use it to create a visually impactful piece. Andy Warhols Campbells Soup Cans (1961) are a perfect example of the lack of emphasis. When the series of canvases are hung on the wall, the entire assembly lacks any real subject. Yet, the magnitude of the collections repetition leaves an impression nonetheless. How Artists Add Emphasis Frequently, an emphasis  is achieved by means of contrast. Contrast can be achieved in a variety of ways and artists often employ more than one technique in a single piece. A contrast in color, value, and texture can certainly draw you to a particular area. Likewise, when one object is significantly larger or in the foreground, it becomes the focal point because the perspective or depth draw us in.   Many artists will also strategically place their subject in the composition in areas that are known to attract attention. That may be directly in the center, but more often than not it is off to one side or another. It might also be isolated from other elements through placement, tone, or depth. Yet another way to add emphasis is to use repetition. If you have a series of similar elements then interrupt that pattern in some way, that naturally gets noticed. Looking for Emphasis As you study art, remain mindful of emphasis. Look at how each piece of art naturally directs your eye around the piece. What techniques did the artist use to achieve this? What did they want you to see at first glance?   Sometimes the emphasis is very subtle and at other times it is anything but. These are the little surprises that artists leave us and discovering them is what makes creative works so interesting. Sources and Further Reading Ackerman, Gerald M. Lomazzos Treatise on Painting. The Art Bulletin 49.4 (1967): 317–26. Print.Galenson, David W. Painting Outside the Lines: Patterns of Creativity in Modern Art. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.Mayer, Ralph. The Artists Handbook of Materials and Techniques. 3rd ed. New York: Viking Press, 1991.

Memories Are Valuable Precious Artifacts Of The Mind Essay

Memories are considered precious artifacts of the mind. A variety of elements could impact and influence the way we remember things and if we remember things. Perhaps a traumatic brain injury, an untreated infection that has spread to the brain, or a brain tumor, even though these rarely take the blame this is still a possibility. Treatments for incurable diseases may cause memory problems with memory due to the adverse effects they have on the body and mind. Remembering what we are, what kind of person we used to be, and how we lived is vital to our identity. Alzheimer’s and Amnesia are equally similar as they are different. While they correlate with memory, the differences in the causes are great. Amnesia is the loss the of partial or total memory loss and can be caused by a plentiful amount of incidents such as brain injuries, infections, tumors, and intense medical treatments. Alzheimer s is a progressive incurable disease that affects the mind and body, which can be cause d by fewer happenings such as plaque build up in the brain, tangled tau protein cells these are apart of the neurons found in the central nervous system, and occasionally but rarely genetics are a factor in Alzheimer’s. Characteristics between these two are eerily similar, memory loss, diminished cognitive skill, depression, and other mental and physical health issues that may tag along. The most significant feature that separates these two illnesses is fatality rate. Alzheimer s disease is aShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Value Of Visual Art1982 Words   |  8 Pagesalmost like an act of self harm –to impose upon himself the arduous task of rebuilding a life from scratch, with no money and no artwork left to sell, but Landy was adamant that he would not make exceptions even for priceless pieces of art or precious family artifacts (Treneman 2001). 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Classification of Chemical Substance free essay sample

The aim of this experiment is to investigate the properties of several substances with the purpose of determining whether they are molecular, ionic, macromolecular or metallic. Introduction Chemical substances could be named ionic, molecular or metallic substance, based on the kind of bond present in it. Solid ionic compound is composed of ions, which are held together by large electrostatic forces. Bonding in molecular substance is caused by the sharing of electrons by atoms. When the stable aggregates resulting from covalent bonding contain relatively small numbers of atoms, they are called molecules, if aggregates are very large and include essentially all the atoms in a macroscopic particle, it is called macromolecular. Bonding in metallic substances is caused by the free movement of electrons. Materials Test tubes, Bunsen burner, distilled water, thermometer, portable ohmmeter, penny, rubber washer, pliers Procedure a. Melting Point A pea-size sample of a substance is taken. If the sample melts between 100 ° and 300 ° C, it will take more than gentle warming, but will melt before the test tube turns the flame of Bunsen burner to yellow-orange color. We will write a custom essay sample on Classification of Chemical Substance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Above 300 ° C, there will be increasing color; up to about 500 ° C one can still use a test tube and a strong burner flame; however in this experiment there will not be measured any m. p. which are above 500oC. Sample is heated, with a loosely closed stopper. During the heating process, sample is observed in order to reveal decomposition, sublimation, or evolution of water. b. Solubility and Conductance of Solutions Sample is placed in a regular size test-tube with 2 mL of solvent and stirred. It can dissolve immediately, partially, remain the same or produce a cloudy suspension. Solubility tests with distilled water and the two organic solvents are made and results are recorded. Conductance measurements will be made on water solutions by means of portable ohm meter (measures electrical resistance). A solution with a high resistance has a low electrical conductance, and vice versa. Solutions which have a low resistance, 1000 or less are good conductors. Distilled water has a high resistance; but impurities and solvent, can decrease it. Firstly electrodes are rinsed with distilled water, and then resistance is measured for the sample solutions. For purposes of this experiment, a solution with a resistance less than about 2000O is a good conductor, denoted â€Å" G†. Between 2000 and 20,000O it is a weak conductor, denoted â€Å" W†. Above 20,000O we will consider it to be essentially non-conducting, and denote it with an â€Å"N†. a. Electrical Conductance of Solids and Melts Sample is put on the lab bench and touched with the two wires on the ohmmeter probe. Generally metals have a very low resistance; in powder form they even appear to have essentially infinite resistance. However, under pressure, metal powders show good conductance. Penny is put on the lab bench, small rubber washer with a hole, where powder is located, is put on the penny and covered with another one. Then it all is put in the jaws of insulated pliers. Ohmmeter electrodes are put to each of the pennies, and pliers are squeezed. Pennies should not touch each other, and if resistance will gradually fall, it indicates that powder is metal. Another sample is put in the test tube and melted. Electrodes are heated for a few minutes with Bunsen burner and then applied to the melt. It is gently heated to ensure that no solid is crystallized on the electrodes. Some melts are good conductors. After the procedure, electrodes should be rinsed with distilled water, then two unknown are taken for further characterization. Discussion After having performed the experimental procedure, results obtained were used to determine whether the observed substances were ionic, molecular, macromolecular or metallic. The fact that all the substances were soluble in water, revealed the fact that they cannot be macromolecular or metallic. Due to some technical problems, it was not possible to measure the melting point of the substances, so the data was taken from teaching assistants for the three substances. However, information about the m. . of two unknowns was missing. This fact influenced the accuracy of determination the nature of these substances. Conclusion After having performed this experiment, it was clear, that the procedure used is very useful in determining the nature of the observed substances, as based on the melting point, solubility and electric conductivity, it is possible to find out whether the observed substance is ionic, molecular, macromolecular or metallic by means of comparing the properties of these groups accordingly.

Is it true that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning Essay Example

Is it true that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning Paper Shakespeares romantic comedy The Merchant of Venice features Shylock, although he is referred to by most of the other characters as the Jew. Despite all the wrong doings committed against him, it is suggested to us by Shakespeare that he is more of a villain than a victim; this is because Shakespeare uses him as a Daniel to test the personalities of the other characters and the audience. However we must consider the misconception of Jews and the anti-Semitism shown towards them in the Elizabethan era, which may be responsible for the treatment of Shylock. When we first meet Shylock in the play it is no coincidence that his first words are three thousand ducats. Shakespeare is subtly trying to suggest early on in the play the importance of money to Shylock. With our perception of Shylock of being attracted to money it automatically makes the audience think he is greedy and selfish. Shakespeare is trying to hint to us that perhaps Shylock isnt the kind of character you would like to be associated with. This is re-enforced by the fact that he says he hates Antonio. I hate him for he is a Christian; but more, for that in low simplicity he lends out money gratis. We will write a custom essay sample on Is it true that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is it true that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is it true that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Shylock partly hates Antonio because he is a Christian, but more because he doesnt charge interest when he lends money so in effect he is putting him out of business. This would seem quite petty to the audience this early in the play because we dont know any background knowledge of the two characters and how they treat one another. It is because of his hate for Antonio that Shakespeares Shylock seems very interested in the offer made to him because it means he would be above Antonio, as Antonio would owe him money. On stage this looks like an act of kindness on Shylocks part because effectively he is helping out Bassanio. But it is a slightly suspicious act because in that scene he is insulted by Antonio, he is referred to as the devil having an evil soul. He is even compared to as a goodly apple rotten to the heart. On top of this Antonio says he is likely to spit on him again yet Shylock still lends him the money. This should make no sense to the audience because if anyone else as in that position of being treated like vermin by someone, they wouldnt go and do that person a favour. So if it werent for the terms of the bond an equal pound of flesh we would think that Shylock was a character full of forgiveness and kindness but we cant help but be suspicious by the terms of the bond, whether he really is going after a pound of Antonios flesh which might kill him. This act suggests early on that Shylock is plotting something against Antonio so we are left at the end of the first scene in which we see Shylock slightly confused at whether or not Shylock is the kind, forgiving character he seems. As we read on in the play, the doubt we have about Shylock not completely being the innocent character fades slightly and we can sympathise with him for the deeds being done against him. We find out that Antonio is not the only one who is constantly mocking and insulting Shylock and that almost all the Christians in the play regard him as a lower being, less than a man. He is called a cur, a dog and wherever he goes he is never referred to as Shylock but people simply know him as the Jew and he has to live with being called this all the time. For example in the court scene even the Duke directly calls him Jew. Shylock shows a great sense of character throughout the play, even though he and his Jewish faith is always insulted he doesnt seem like he is affected by it and most of the time stays calm and pleasant like nothing has been said. Here comes another of the tribe; a third cannot be matched, unless the devil himself turn Jew. Shylocks reaction to this is very surprising. He ignores this comment as it were nothing and carries on talking to Tubal. Being a contemporary audience we find these sorts of comments outrageous and would not think of using this kind of language because it signifies deep hatred and insult that we do not use any more. So we immediately sympathise with Shylock and now consider him very much as a victim. However at the time the play was written this sort of abuse towards the Jews was closer to the norm, so to an Elizabethan audience it would not have seemed at that time that the Christians were doing anything wrong. This is because in that era when countries were being colonised and nationality was very important, people had a very low opinion of other nations because every nation saw themselves as great, so racism would have been high. Nowadays with so much immigration occurring all over the globe people have become much more tolerant of other nations so racism has decreased. In Act 2 Scene 5 we are shown yet another side of Shylock, we are shown him as a father. We would expect him to be the gentle, kind figure we recognised him as in the opening scenes but to our surprise we see him as almost the opposite of this. We find that he treats his own daughter as you might a prisoner, she is left with his instructions and is supposed follow only what he wants her to do which is Lock up my doors stop my houses ears. She is told to stay inside, lock the doors and bar the windows whilst there is a party happening outside and she is practically forbidden to even look out the window. Being a young lady well capable of looking after herself this must seem like torture to Jessica because she is being treated like a child. Again though this only seems like a harsh act to the modern reader, in the Elizabethan era daughters were expected to follow her fathers orders word for word so this would not have been to sympathise with Jessica for. In fact her reaction to this might have cost life. Farewell, and if my fortune not be crossd, I have a father, you a daughter, lost. It seems that she had planned her runaway before hand so this sort of treatment was probably normal for Shylock. In contrast to the Elizabethan way of thinking, the modern reader might think that running away isnt such a bad thing to do seeing as she is capable of looking after herself. Even though we know the way in which Shylock treats his daughter, we have to sympathise with him because Jessica is his only child and however harsh a father he might be it obviously hurt him a great deal to lose her by the way he acts in the next scene. my own flesh and blood to rebel. The repetition of this phrase implies that Shylock is very upset by the loss of his daughter, we recognise this because the strong language he is using, for example to rebel is repeated along with flesh and blood. The repletion of these words suggests Shylock has become fixated on his daughter being his own flesh and blood. This suggests that because he has been tormented so much he has to hold on to the fact that his daughter is his flesh and blood as if it were slipping away. We are made to sympathise further with Shylock because as well as having to deal with the loss of his daughter he has to come to terms with the fact that she took money from him and also his dead wifes ring. Two thousand ducats in that, and other precious, precious jewels! My daughter! O my ducats! Oh my daughter. Salarino is not helping Shylock in any way; in fact he tries to make his misery worse There is more difference between thy flesh and hers than between jet and ivory. This comment is aggressively thrown at Shylock purposely trying to get a negative reaction from him and is typical of the abuse being constantly thrown at him. In response to this, Shylock starts talking about his bond with Antonio, which signifies again his ability to ignore the insults being thrown at him. Based on this evidence it would seem that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning but more evidence is yet to be uncovered. After this it seems as if Shylock has had enough and is about to break down from all the abuse hes suffered and this is explored in his emotional speech in the scene. Shylock pours out his heart in this speech at first telling of how Antonio treats him and then delves deeper and painfully recalls about his own race: (He hath disgraced, hindered, laughed, mocked, scorned and thwarted me because I am a Jew). We can tell he has put his heart behind what he has said because of the strong emotive language that is used such as disgraced Shylock is telling us for the first time the pitiful and numerous ways in which he is being treated. It proves to the audience that his life must almost be a living hell. He tells us how he is not just hated and used at peoples leisure, he is made to look like a fool which can often hurt more and people go out of their way to do it. Being aware of the way he is treated and the feeble reason for it (in our eyes) we are able to understand why Shylock hates him so much and from this example it seems he has a very good reason to. Shylock goes on to try and make Salarino and Solanio understand that there really is no reason for Christians to hate Jews. Hath not a Jew eyes if you prick us do we no bleed. Shakespeare makes many of these sorts of comparisons between the Jew and everyone else. These being genuine characteristics of men Shakespeare makes us feel genuinely sorry for Shylock himself and not just for Jews in general. It seems like after this point in the play Shylock turns into a different character. We can notice this change because his obsession with money comes to an end and he is no longer interested by it. Shylock suddenly becomes so blinded by his bond and revenge that he loses most of our sympathy very quickly. if you wrong us shall we not revenge he villainy you teach me I will execute. To the audience, this sounds like an act of villainy is to come because of the strong and hate driven language used by Shylock, e. g. revenge execute. From now we fear that Shylock is going to try and get something out of this. It is as if all the ill treatment he has been receiving is going to come out and he is going to release his anger. In the last scene we see Shylock in, it is not the same Shylock we have witnessed in the early stages of the play: he is now a man fuelled by hate and anger who has set out to achieve one thing, revenge. Nothing is going to stop him from getting what he thinks is rightfully his. I shall have my bond. Even after several reasonable and eloquent pleas for mercy and offers of very generous sums of money (which used to be his life) Shylock is still intent on having his bond. We can tell this because he whets thy knife on the sole of his shoe. This action makes the scene more dramatic and we really start to see the product of all his hate bubbling inside of him. It is as if his loathing for Antonio is seeping out now because even the thought of cutting the flesh off Antonio excites him a great deal. Most learned judge. Shylock goes as far as to flatter the judge because he is so happy. This gets sickening to hear because he is not out to just prove a point, Shylock is after Antonios life and this in most peoples eyes in an unmistakeable act of villainy. When at last Portia puts an end to Shylocks cruel intension, it is not surprising that we find Shylock broken and feeble. He has been stopped dead in his tracks trying to fulfil what he thinks would be getting back some of the injustice that has faced Jews all over the world. As the penalty of Shylocks actions is given out no one stops to think about why he wouldnt give up his cause, no one cares because he is a Jew even though Antonio can see the reasoning behind it. He seeks my life, his reasoning well I know (Act 3 Scene 3). The terms he has to deal with are very severe, he has to be content with losing all his possessions and horrifically he is forced to convert to the Christian faith. It is because of these conditions that it doesnt come as a shock that his last lines are I pray you give me leave to go from hence; I am not well. These touching words are the last of a man torn by anger, hate and sorrow. This is where Shakespeares genius shows because it leaves us with the difficult task of deciding whether Shylock has got what he deserved or has been subject to an incredible injustice. To say that Shylock is a man more sinned against than sinning is a reasonable thing. As we have heard, Shylock has had so many wrong doings against him and was constantly being bombarded with acts of cruelty, that it has ultimately resulted in him losing everything he has ever cared about including his sense of self and his health. Shylock is meant to be ridiculed by the audience and even though the play is supposed to be a romantic comedy there is a hidden depth to the play. We must recognise the difference between Shylocks apparel and his personality and if we look deeply we can see that Shakespeares Shylock is not the villainous character he is made to be.

South Korea Essays - Member States Of The United Nations, Republics

South Korea Essays - Member States Of The United Nations, Republics South Korea South Korea South Korea is officially known as Taehan Minguk (Republic of Korea). This country is in northeastern Asia and occupies the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea is bounded on the north by North Korea; on the east by the East Sea (Sea of Japan); on the south bye the Korea Strait, which also separates it from Japan; and on the west by the Yellow Sea. It has a total area of 38,328 square miles, including many offshore islands in the south and west, and the largest is Cheju. The state of South Korea was established in 1948 succeeding the post-World War II distribution of the penisula between the occupying forces of the United States in the south and the Union of Soviet Republics (USSR) in the north. The capital of South Korea is Seoul which is also the largest city. The current version of the South Korean flag was adopted in 1984, but the basic design has been used since the countrys founding is 1948. The Buddhist yin-yang symbol represents the unity of opposites, and the white background represents purity. The black markings symbolize three cycles, with opposites in each cycle opposing one another(reading clockwise from the upper left): summer, autumn, winter, spring, south, west, north, east, sky, moon, earth, and sun. South Korea is mainly a rugged, mountainous terrain. The principal range is the Taebaek-sanmaek, which extends in a north-south direction parallel to the eastern coast. The countrys highest peak, located on the island of Cheju, is Halla-san. Plains constitute less than one-fifth the total area and are mostly in the west along the coast the coastal plains in the east and south are very narrow. South Korea has a highly indented coastline characterized by high tidal ranges, the countrys tow longest rivers, the Naktong and Han, rise in the Taebaek-sanmaek, one flowing south to the Korea Strait and the other northwest to the Yellow sea. Other major rivers include the Kom, Yengsan, and Tongjin. South Korea has a continental climate, with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers. In Seoul the average January temperature range is 16 to 30 degrees F, and the average July temperature range is 70 to 84 degrees F. Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior. The average precipitation in Seoul is 49in and in Pusan 54in. Rainfall is mostly in the summer months (June to September). The southern coast is subject to late summer typhoons that bring strong winds and heavy rains. Mixed deciduous and coniferous forests cover about three-quarters of the land, but have been lessened of use as fuel. Predominate species include pine, maple, elm, poplar, fir and aspen. Bamboo, laurel, and evergreen oak are found in the southern coastal areas. Large mammals, such as tigers, leopards, bears, and lynx, used to be common throughout the Korean Peninsula, but these animals have virtually disappeared form South Korea due to deforestation and poaching. The population of South Korea (1997 estimate) is 45,948,811. The countrys population density of 1199 people per sq. mi. is one of the highest in the world. The majority of the population lives in the southern and western coastal areas. South Korea like North Korea is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries in the world. Aside from a resident foreign population of about 55,000 , mostly Chinese, the country has no racial or linguistic minorities. Because of the mixed racial character of the present-day Korean population, it is believed that the ancestors of the Koreans included immigrants from the northern part of the Asian mainland. The national language, Korean, is believed by some scholars to be a member of the Altaic language family. It is similar to Japanese in grammar, but it contains many borrowed Chinese words. Korean is written in a phonetic script known as Hangol from the colonial period and most educated Koreans can read English, which is taught in all secondary schools. In 1995 nearly one-half of the people in South Korea did not claim a religion. Buddhism claimed more adherents than any other religion in South Korea. Confucianism, which is more a moral philosophy than a religion, is a more prominent element in Korean life than its somewhat small

Evaluate training and development methods that may assist organisations in meeting their strategic objectives essay

Evaluate training and development methods that may assist organisations in meeting their strategic objectives essay Evaluate training and development methods that may assist organisations in meeting their strategic objectives essay Evaluate training and development methods that may assist organisations in meeting their strategic objectives essayIn the contemporary business environment, training and development play an important part because they become the major drivers of the organisational development. More important, today, training and development are essential for the survival of organisations in the highly competitive business environment because knowledge and learning play the key part in determining the competitive position of organisations. As a result, many organisations invest into their training and development, while the concept of the learning organisation becomes more and more popular today. At the same time, the development of the training process raises the problem of the development of effective methods and strategies of training, the correlation between actual needs of organisations and the training and development process, and many other issues. In actuality, there are different views on the training and development process but there is no homogeneous approach to training and development and each organisation tends to develop its own training and development methods and strategies. Training and development is a complex process that may involve the application of different methods the choice of which depends on the specificity of the organisation, its human resources, marketing goals and objectives, and resources available to the organisation.The training and development process normally includes several key stages. The first stage is reviewing and consultation which aim at the revelation of current training needs of the organisation and the development of the further training strategy respectively to the training objectives of the organisation. Reviewing and consultation allows determining urgent needs of the organisation on the ground of which the organisation can develop its training methods and strategies. Such reviewing and consultation helps to identify weak point s in the organisational development and training and eliminate existing weaknesses or drawbacks.The second stage of the training and development process is questioning that involves the analysis of possible alternatives to the behaviour, skills and functions required from employees that are going to be involved in the training process. The next stage of the training and development process is agreeing. This stage involves the close interaction of the manager responsible for the training and development of human resources with colleagues and employees of the organisation to receive feedback from them concerning current needs of employees and the organisation at large. Furthermore, the following stage is modelling, which implies the analysis of the available models and methods of learning and training that can be applied to the particular organisation (Reid 2007: 138). The next stage of the training and development process is negotiation, which involves the agreement of key points of the training and development model introduced in the organisation with all key stakeholders, such as employees, managers, coaches, and others. The final stage of the training and development process is the implementation of the developed plan and respective method of training.Furthermore, training methods should focus on three levels which meet respective training needs of organisations: organisational level; department level and individual level. Â  At each level, the training relies heavily on human resources, who are involved directly in the training and development process. However, the scope of the training and development differs depending on the level. For instance, at the individual level, an employee develops specific skills required for his/her position and specific tasks and functions the employee performs on the regular basis. At the department level, employees should focus on the training and development to work as a team within their department to optimize and enhance the performance of the department that means the improvement of their interaction within the department and better communication within the department. At the organisational level, employees have to focus on the training and development that help them to develop their strategic thinking to understand the vision and mission of their organisation and develop required skills and focus their performance to reach strategic goals of the organisation through their individual performance.Training and development policies conducted by organisations may differ consistently. Organisations can use training and development policies oriented on the continuous professional development that means that employees keep developing new skills and improving existing ones in the course of their career all the time. In this regard, the life-long learning the preferable scheme for many organisations as well as employees because such learning and training of employees involves the improvement and developmen t of professional skills of employees during their life time. Therefore, employees always keep progressing. Such life-long training and development requires a lot of efforts from the part of organisations but such approach is highly beneficial in a long-run perspective. If the organisation manages to retain the personnel and prevent high turn-over rates, the organisation can enhance its competitive position due to the steady rise of the qualification level of its employees, the improvement of their performance and, therefore, the growth of the customer satisfaction.However, a substantial drawback of the lifetime learning is the high costs of such training policy and different learning skills and abilities of individuals at the different age. For instance, younger employees are more successful in learning than older ones that means that training will be more effective for young employees than older ones. The high costs of this approach to the training and development process may be a ggravated by the risk of the high turn-over rate among employees of organisations that actually makes such strategy useless because well-trained and highly qualified employees will just abandon their organisations and transfer to other organisations.In addition, there is vocational education training which focuses on the specific training for specific professionals working in their organisation for the development of the required professional skills and abilities. Vocational education training is efficient for the training of required professionals to fill the particular positions in the organisation. At the same time, this approach is not always efficient, if organisations need to have universal employees that can perform multiple functions, although vocational training admits the possibility of training employees for specific jobs but such training needs time and costs.Moreover, it is worth mentioning the induction training which implies the development of job-specific competences and skills, for instance IT training. This approach to the training and development is quite controversial. On the one hand, this approach allows training employees, who are well-qualified and trained to perform their specific functions perfectly. On the other hand, such approach to the training and development process limits functionality of employees and prevents organisations from employing and training professionals, who can perform different functions and take different positions. The narrow specialisation of training becomes unpopular today because the fast progress of technology, fast change of the business environment and other changes require organisations to train and develop universal employees, who can perform tasks that they face at the moment, regardless of their initial specialisation.Evaluate training and development methods that may assist organisations in meeting their strategic objectives essay part 2

Origami Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Origami - Math Problem Example For a dodecahedron, at least 3 different colors are required, as a dodecahedron cannot be properly colored in less than 3 colours. It is advisable to draw the planar graph of a a dodecahedron when planning the 3-edge coloring. "It is always quite puzzling to try to make use only 3 colors of paper with no two units of the same color touching. Each unit corresponds to an edge of the planar graph, so this is equivalent to a proper 3-edge-coloring of the polyhedron." (T.Hull, 2006) During the nineteenth century, Sir William Rowan Hamilton who was a mathematician from Ireland, invented a puzzle known as 'Around the World.' The concept behind the puzzle was to label the vertices of a regular dodecahedron according to the names of various cities of the world. Hamilton's puzzle can be solved by beginning from any given city (i.e. any vertex) and traveling around the world from one city (vertex) to another. This entails that one moves along the edges of the dodecahedron in such a manner that each other city is touched only once before going back to the original vertex or starting point. This solution to Hamilton's puzzle is known as a Hamilton cycle/Hamilton circuit. Thus, a Hamilton circuit can be said to be a path in the dodecahedron which starts at a vertex, touches every other vertex, in the dodecahedron, and then returns to the original starting point without touching any single vertex two times. A Hamilton circuit in the planar graph of a dodecahedron References J.A.Gallian (2006) Contemporary Abstract Algebra. Houghton R.A.Brualdi (2004) Introductory Combinatorics. Prentice Hall T.Hull (2006) Project Origami-Activities for Exploring Mathematics. A K Peters